![]() Visuoconstructional Skills – Cube: The examiner gives the following instructions, pointing to the cube: “ Copy this drawing as accurately as you can, in the space below“.Begin here” (points to 1) and draw a line from 1 then to A then to 2 and so on. Alternating Trail Making: The examiner instructs the client to “ Please draw a line, going from a number to a letter in ascending order.These items are described in detail below. The items of the MoCA examine attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was developed by Dr Nasreddine in 1996, then validated with the help of Chertkow, Phillips, Whitehead, Bergman, Collin, Cummings, and Hébert in 2004-2005. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. The measure can be used, but is not limited to patients with stroke Also called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. The MoCA assesses the following cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. It was developed in response to the poor sensitivity Sensitivity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will detect a particular disease or condition when it does indeed exist in a patient (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). Instrument for the detection of mild cognitive impairment. ![]() 80% of cases are also know as a “schemic stroke”, or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. The measure can be used, but is not limited to patients with stroke Also called a “brain attack” and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. Thus, the MoCA is intended for clients with memory complaints who score within the normal range on the MMSE. Of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in distinguishing clients with mild cognitive impairment from normal elderly clients (Nasreddine et al., 2005). Loss of the ability to group words into subsets (e.g.The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was designed as a rapid screening Testing for disease in people without symptoms.36-point total score, 12-point recognition score.Biased against visually impaired and poorly educated.Not as useful or sensitive as MMSE or MOCA for initial diagnosis.Pattern of scoring correlates well with – and hence helps determine – the clinical type of dementia.Correlates well with severity of dementia as seen in poor MMSE scores.Associated score then calculated by the assessor.Set the hands and numbers on the face so that a child could read them. Instruct the patient to draw a clock that says 1:45.Designed to elicit executive impairment.Though different suggestive cut-offs for those disadvantaged are available, they are not validated.Still has some bias against people with poor education.More sensitive at detection of mild dementia (100% sensitivity in some studies).More complete assessment of all aspects of cognition, including visuospacial, attention, word-finding.Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) – click here Copyrighted and should officially only be accessed via the Psychological Assessment Resourcing (PAR).Poor sensitivity at detected mild/early dementia.Limited examination of visuospacial cognitive ability.Biased against people with poor education due to elements of language and mathematical testing.Can provide a method of monitoring deterioration over time. ![]() Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) – click here The following are some of the most common tests utilised, but is by no means an exhaustive list. They all have advantages and disadvantages so the best test should be decided on a case-by-case basis, depending on what additional information one hopes to gain. ![]() There are a variety of different cognitive function tests that have been designed and validated to help diagnose and subtype dementia. ![]()
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